What’s on the ACT? Unleashing Your Exam Potential

Hi-yah! Whapow! Just as Bruce Lee dedicated himself to mastering the art of Jeet Kune Do, conquering the ACT exam requires a similar level of commitment and focus. Bruce Lee once famously said, “I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000 kicks once, but I fear the man who has practiced one kick 10,000 times.” This sentiment encapsulates the essence of excellence through relentless practice and refinement—a philosophy that mirrors the dedication of those embarking on the journey of ACT preparation.

Consider Lee’s journey: a relentless pursuit of perfection, an unwavering commitment to honing his craft, and an unyielding drive to push beyond his limits. Much like Lee’s dedication to martial arts, preparing for the ACT demands dedication, discipline, and a willingness to embrace challenges head-on. In this article, we’ll take inspiration from Bruce Lee’s approach as we dive into the realm of the ACT exam.

Understanding the ACT

Similar to how martial arts isn’t merely about fighting—it’s a measure of your readiness and skill—the ACT isn’t just an exam; it’s an indicator of your college preparedness. It measures the knowledge and skills you’ve gained throughout your education. Colleges use your ACT score as one piece of the puzzle when considering your application. This standardized test covers subjects like English, mathematics, reading, science, and writing.

Navigating the ACT Registration Process  

Getting started is easy. Head over to the ACT website, create your account, and fill in your profile information. Then, pick your exam date and test center. Don’t forget to upload a photo of yourself. The registration fee is either $68 or $93, depending on whether you choose the optional writing test. Note, however, you may qualify for the ACT fee waiver program if you meet the any of the following eligibility requirements,   

• Eligible for federal free or reduced-price lunch program.
• Participate in economically disadvantaged programs (e.g., GEAR UP and Upward Bound).
• Live in a foster home, state ward, or homeless.
• Your family receives low-income public assistance or lives in federally subsidized housing.
• Your family’s income falls within USDA guidelines for free or reduced-price lunches. The guidelines consider the size of the household as well as the state where you reside (FN1). 

The best way to confirm your eligibility is to check with a school counselor. If you are eligible, you can take the test for free up to four times (with or without the writing test) and even receive free learning resources.  

If you need to change your test date after registering, you can pay an additional $44 to do so. For detailed fee information, check out this page.

Clocking Your Commitment: ACT Administration Dates 

You have seven opportunities throughout the year to take the ACT: February, April, June, July, September, October, and December. Planning ahead is crucial, as registration deadlines are usually four to six weeks before the test date. Your decision to take the ACT could disrupt your holiday plans, put a pause on summer vacations, even derail long-awaited trips your family has been eagerly anticipating. Your commitment to the ACT, therefore, demands careful consideration and proactive planning to navigate these potential disruptions.

There’s also a late registration option, but it comes with a $38 fee. By prioritizing early registration and thoughtful planning, you can avoid the unnecessary fee. The additional time will give you the space you need to plan and cultivate a mindset of commitment and responsibility towards your goal of succeeding on the exam. 

For a comprehensive overview of test dates, registration deadlines, and associated fees, visit the ACT website ACT website.

Exploring the Components of the ACT 

The ACT contains four multiple-choice sections – English, mathematics, reading and science. Additionally, there is an optional writing test. The total length of the test is 2 hours and 55 minutes with the essay being an additional 40 minutes. The exam typically ends at 12:35PM if you elect not to take the writing test. Otherwise, 1:35PM. 

English Section 

The English section assesses your usage of grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, as well as your rhetorical skills (i.e. strategy, organization and style). You have 45 min to answer 75 questions. There are five passages with multiple-choice questions following the prompt. Think of yourself as a writer making decisions about grammar, punctuation and rhetoric. Your score for this section is broken down into three categories: production of writing, knowledge of language, and conventions of standard English. 

Production of Writing (29-32%, 22-24 questions): This category assesses your ability to apply your comprehension of the purpose and direction of a written piece.

Topic Development: Display your grasp of the rhetorical elements in texts. Analyze the objectives of various sections within a text, evaluate their effectiveness in achieving their intended goals, and ascertain the relevance of content in relation to the text’s central focus. You might be asked to: help the author of the passage build a clear argument, advise whether the author needs to delete material, and advise whether information weakens or helps a passage.

Structural Clarity and Flow: Utilize a range of techniques to ensure that a text is logically structured, maintains a smooth flow, and features an effective introduction and conclusion.

The organization and style related questions may prompt you to craft appropriate introduction and closing sentences for paragraphs, choose effective transitions, refine sentences for clarity, and correct sentences for redundancy and wordiness. 

Knowledge of Language (15-17%, 11-13 questions): In these questions, you’ll need to showcase your skill in using language effectively. This involves selecting the most appropriate and succinct words while ensuring a consistent style and tone throughout. 

Conventions of Standard English (52-55%, 39-41 questions): These questions assess your ability to work with the rules and conventions of standard English grammar, language usage, and mechanics to enhance and edit text.

Structuring Sentences: You’ll need to apply your knowledge of how sentences are structured and formed within a given text. This includes making improvements to the text by adjusting sentence structure where necessary. You’ll likely be tested on: ensuring the correct relationship between clauses, avoiding fragments, and avoiding run on sentences.  

Punctuation: These questions involve identifying common issues related to standard English punctuation. Your task is to identify these problems and make revisions to enhance the overall quality of the writing. You’ll likely be tested on: periods, commas, apostrophes, dashes, colons, and semicolons.

Language Use: Within a text, you’ll be asked to recognize typical issues associated with standard English language usage. Your role is to identify these concerns and make revisions to improve the text’s clarity and effectiveness. You’ll likely be tested on: subject-verb agreement, pronoun use, modifiers, verb forms, comparatives, superlatives, idioms. 

Mathematics Section

The mathematics section evaluates your proficiency in applying mathematical concepts learned during your high school courses. For this section you’ll have 60 minutes to answer 60 questions.  Here’s a breakdown of the approximate percentage devoted to each area and the number of questions in each:

Number and Quantity (8-12%, 5-7 questions): This segment delves into real and complex number systems, along with numerical quantities, including integer and rational exponents, vectors, and matrices.

Algebra (12-15%, 7-9 questions): Here, you’ll tackle expressions, equations, and their graphical representations. Types of equations include linear, polynomial, radical, and exponential relationships.

Functions (12-15%, 7-9 questions): This area explores function definition, notation, representation, and real-world applications. You’ll encounter linear, radical, piecewise, polynomial, and logarithmic functions, as well as graphs.

Geometry (12-15%, 7-9 questions): Geometry involves applying your knowledge of shapes and solids, such as understanding congruence, similarity relationships, and calculating surface area and volume measurements. Topics encompass triangles, circles, and other figures, including trigonometric ratios and equations of conic sections.

Statistics and Probability (8-12%, 5-7 questions): This area covers central tendencies and spread distributions, data collection methods, modeling relationships in bivariate data, and probability calculations.

Integrating Essential Skills (40-43%, 24-26 questions): A significant portion focuses on fundamental skills, including rates, percentages, average, median, number representation, and solving non-routine problems that demand a combination of skills. You’ll also delve into mathematical modeling.

Modeling (≥20%, ≥12 questions): Modeling utilizes mathematical representations to analyze empirical situations, aiding in prediction and comprehension of real-world phenomena. This section encompasses tasks involving the production, interpretation, evaluation, and enhancement of models. 

It’s important to note that calculators are allowed during the mathematics section of the exam. However, they must adhere to strict requirements mandated by the ACT. You likely won’t need to purchase a new calculator for this exam; the one you already have at home should suffice. However, it’s essential to verify this by consulting the most recent “ACT Calculator Policy” which can be found on their website. If you don’t have access to one, consider reaching out to your school counselor or math teacher for assistance.Generally, graphing, scientific, and four-function calculators are permitted.

Reading Section 

In this section of the ACT exam, you’ll immerse yourself in the world of reading, where you’ll encounter four engaging passages. Your task? To navigate through a series of multiple-choice questions that assess your reading comprehension and critical reading skills. Three of these passages are a bit more extensive, while one  presents you with two paired passages. These passages traverse four primary subject areas:

Prose Fiction / Literary Narrative

• Genres: Fiction, Literary Memoirs, Personal Essays, Short Stories
• Skills Tested: Discern the author’s tone and intent, identify the main theme of the passage, and tackle questions that require you to think beyond the obvious.

Social Science

• Fields: Sociology, Psychology, Education, Business, Economics, Geography, Politics
• Skills Tested: Master the art of paraphrasing passages to describe their subject matter, uncover the main points within the text, and discern whether the author aligns with a particular perspective.

Humanities

• Genres: Personal Essays, Memoirs, Arts, Literature, Media, Philosophy, Ethics
• Skills Tested: Dive into the author’s tone and intent, explore the author’s or passage’s point of view, and navigate the intricate landscape of human expression. 

Natural Science

• Fields: Science, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy, Technology, Medicine
• Skills Tested: Hone your ability to extract specific details or statements backed by evidence from the passages, and determine which sentence aligns with the information presented.

The questions for the reading section are broken down into three main areas: key ideas and details, craft and structure, and integration of knowledge and ideas. 

Key Ideas & Details (52–60%, 21-24 questions): This category involves reading texts to determine central ideas and themes. You’ll need to summarize information and ideas accurately.

These questions assess your understanding of relationships and your ability to draw logical inferences and conclusions and includes understanding sequential, comparative, and cause-effect relationships.

Craft & Structure (25-30%, 10-12 questions): These questions encompass tasks such as determining word and phrase meanings, analyzing an author’s rhetorical word choices, understanding text structure, discerning the author’s purpose and perspective, analyzing characters’ points of view, interpreting authorial decisions rhetorically, and differentiating between various perspectives and sources of information.

Integration of Knowledge & Ideas (15-23%, 6-9 questions): This category entails understanding authors’ claims, distinguishing between facts and opinions, utilizing evidence to establish connections between different texts on related topics, and analyzing how authors construct arguments while evaluating the reasoning and evidence from various sources.

Science Section 

In the scene section you’ll have 35 minutes to answer 40 questions. This section of the exam assesses your ability to interpret, analyze, evaluate, and reason within the context of natural sciences. It presents real-world scientific scenarios followed by multiple-choice questions that require you to critically engage with the provided information. The content encompasses biology, chemistry, Earth/space sciences, and physics, but advanced knowledge in these areas is not necessary. However, familiarity with basic scientific concepts and skills acquired through your science classes can be beneficial for some questions.

This section emphasizes multidimensional assessment, combining scientific content with skills and practices. You’ll need to recognize key features and concepts within the provided information, critically assess relationships between information and conclusions or hypotheses, and draw new insights or predictions based on given data. Importantly, calculators are not permitted in the science section.

For purposes of scoring, here is the breakdown of categories: The science section is scored based on four categories: interpretation of data, scientific investigation, and evaluation of models, inferences, & experimental results. 

Interpretation of Data (40-50%, 16-20 questions): You’ll engage with scientific data represented in various formats (e.g., tables, graphs and diagrams), discerning patterns and relationships while employing mathematical reasoning to draw insights.

Scientific Investigation (20-30%, 8-12 questions): These questions delve into the basics of experimental methods, focusing on identifying variables and controls. You’ll demonstrate proficiency in comparing and adjusting experimental procedures to anticipate results.

Evaluation of Models, Inferences, & Experimental Results (25-35%, 10-14 questions): You’ll critically assess the reliability of scientific data, forming conclusions and predictions based on evidence, and discerning which explanations for phenomena are substantiated by recent discoveries.

Writing Section 

The optional 40-minute writing section of the ACT assesses your ability to analyze and respond to complex issues. In this section, you are presented with a specific perspective on a contemporary issue, and your task is to evaluate that perspective by providing your own well-structured argument. To excel in this portion, you should be able to clearly express your own viewpoint, support it with logical reasoning and evidence, and demonstrate effective organization and clarity in your writing. While this section is not required for all colleges and universities, it can provide valuable insights into your writing skills and critical thinking abilities, making it worth considering as part of your ACT test-taking experience.

Before finalizing your study plan, it’s crucial to verify the current structure of the ACT exam on the official website. You can find detailed information in the “ACT Technical Manual.”  Ensuring you have the most up-to-date details will optimize your preparation strategy for success.

Time Management 

Time management is crucial when taking the ACT. The more you practice, the better you become at pacing yourself through the test. Your goal is to complete all the questions within the allocated time. To keep track, wear a watch during practice tests and on the actual test day. Be sure to check the ACT website for the current guidelines on approved watch types. As of now, smartwatches and watches with alarms are not permitted. If your watch goes off during the exam, you will be dismissed, and your test won’t be scored.

Here’s the recommended time per question for each section:

• English: 36 seconds
• Mathematics: 1 minute
• Reading: 52.5 seconds
• Science: 52.5 seconds

Additionally, if, for any reason, the proctor doesn’t plan a break but you believe you are entitled to one, don’t hesitate to speak up and inform the proctor.

Preparing 

Starting your ACT preparation during the summer before your junior year is a strategic move. Aiming to take the test in November or December of your junior year is advisable, as it ensures the information you’ve studied over the summer remains fresh in your mind. During the summer of your junior year, take a few practice tests to identify your weaknesses. Subsequently, formulate a study plan and acquire subject-specific prep books. Your goal should be to complete 1-2 practice tests per week and thoroughly review the questions you answered incorrectly. We strongly recommend taking practice tests at the same time as the actual ACT (8 AM).

ACT Scoring 

Understanding how the ACT is scored is essential. Each of the tests is scored on a range from 1 to 36. Your composite score, which is the average of your scores in the four core areas, is rounded to the nearest whole number.

Here are the score ranges for different performance levels: 

• Best: Scores in this range are typically 29-36.
• Competitive: These scores usually fall in the range of 24-28.
• Good: Scores around 20-23 are considered good.

A minimum score is required for each subject is required and indicates the likelihood of success in first-year college courses – this is referred to as the Act College Readiness Benchmark.

 You can absolutely increase your score. Achieving a higher ACT score is entirely attainable with dedicated study and preparation. The key is to develop a structured study plan and commit to it.

“Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do.” Bruce Lee  

Like mastering any skill, improvement on the ACT requires not just understanding but action. Bruce Lee’s wisdom reminds us that knowledge alone won’t suffice; it’s the application of that knowledge through diligent practice that leads to success. So, armed with determination and the right strategies, you’re not just capable of improving your score—you’re set to conquer it.

Navigating ACT Accessibility Supports 

There are various accessibility supports available for students, including those with disabilities. Types of supports include: universal supports, designated supported, English learner supports, and accommodations. If you have a question about this, talk to your school counselor and also check out the ACT Technical Manual for the most recent guidance.  

 If you attended a traditional school, here’s how you can request accommodations:

• Log into your MyACT account and connect your high school to your profile.
• During the registration process, indicate that you require accommodations. You will receive an email with instructions.
• Forward this email to your school and complete the Consent to Release Info to ACT form.
• Your school will then submit the accommodations request on your behalf and receive the decision notification. They will share this decision with you within ten days.
• In case your request is denied, you have the option to submit an appeal. If you don’t receive a notification from your school within the ten-day period, it’s a good idea to follow up with them.

If you are homeschooled or not currently enrolled in school, you can find detailed steps for requesting accommodations here.

If you require supports, such as accommodations, please don’t hesitate to request them. On a related note, I’ve encountered numerous law school graduates facing challenges due to disabilities. Unfortunately, without a documented history of accommodations, some struggle to receive the support they need, such as extra time on the bar exam. This highlights the importance of advocating for yourself and ensuring that your needs are recognized and accommodated. Remember, perseverance and self-advocacy are key. God-willing, with determination and action, you can overcome any obstacles in your path.

Closing Thoughts 

In the realm of academic achievement, much like in martial arts, success is not merely achieved through talent alone, but through disciplined practice and unwavering dedication. Armed with knowledge, practice, and a warrior’s spirit, step confidently onto the stage of the ACT exam, knowing that your commitment and preparation have set the stage for you to unleash your potential. Embrace each challenge as an opportunity for growth, each setback as a chance to learn, and each triumph as a testament to your hard work.

Footnotes

FN1 – If you would like to know what the income eligibility thresholds are check out the USDA’s “Income Eligibility Guidelines” page and click the appropriate year.